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Flocks at the Reservoir Sandbar

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Flocks at the Reservoir Sandbar

Use animal observations to predict how groups may help their members survive.

A Feeding Watch

Read the field notes and graph. Use the evidence to answer each question.

Field Notes from a River-Fed Lake

A river flows into a large lake called a reservoir. A broad sandbar rises above the water near a viewing deck. An animal-watching team observes from the deck without feeding, touching, or moving the wildlife.

American white pelicans feed in the shallow water. Some fish alone. Others swim side by side in a curved line. The team sees small fish gather between the line of birds and the shallow edge. The pelicans dip their bills into this smaller space and scoop up fish.

The team counts fish caught by four individual pelicans. Each bird is watched for ten minutes. Pelicans A and B fish alone. Pelicans C and D each fish as part of a group. The watches take place in similar shallow areas during the morning. The graph shows each bird's catches, not the catches of its whole group. The team cannot tell whether the same number of fish was nearby during every watch.

Canada geese also visit the sandbar. Several geese lower their heads to eat plants. One nearby goose holds its head up and looks around. When a fox walks toward the feeding geese, the head-up goose gives loud honks. The other geese lift their heads, stop feeding, and swim away from the sandbar. The fox stays on the dry sand. The team records the order of these events.

Fish Caught in Ten Minutes0123456Alone AAlone BGroup CGroup DIndividual pelicanFish caught
1.
Which comparison is supported by the graph?
Question 1 options
2.

How many more fish did Pelican D catch than Pelican B? fish

3.
Why might swimming in a curved line help the pelicans catch fish?
Question 3 options
4.
Eli says, “The bar for Pelican C means its whole group caught only six fish.” What should Eli change?
Question 4 options
5.
Tomorrow, fish gather near the shallow edge again. Several pelicans form another curved line. What is the best prediction?
Question 5 options

A Warning at the Sandbar

Use the goose observations in the field notes. Think about what may happen next and why.

6.
Suppose every goose has its head down eating, and none looks around or honks. What might happen when a fox approaches?
Question 6 options
7.
Select the TWO observations that, together, best support the idea that one goose warned the others.

8.
In this observation, how did swimming away from the sandbar help the geese?
Question 8 options
9.
Make a claim about how being in this goose group could help a member survive. Use two details from the field notes to explain your claim.

Check the Argument

Use both kinds of animals as evidence. Decide what the observations support and what else scientists could investigate.

10.
Sort each claim by whether the field notes and graph support it.
11.
The team wants stronger evidence about whether group feeding helps individual pelicans catch fish. Which plan is best?
Question 11 options
12.
Why should the team avoid promising that a group bird will catch more fish on every future watch?
Question 12 options
13.
Someone says, “Being in a group only helps animals get food.” Use evidence about both pelicans and geese to answer this claim. Then predict one way a goose feeding alone might be at a disadvantage.